Development
Common JSON Errors (and How to Fix Them)
The most common JSON errors — trailing commas, single quotes, unquoted keys, comments and unescaped characters — and exactly how to fix each.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
AZ Utils Editorial
Finance & web-tools writer
AZ Utilis writes practical, plain-English guides on calculators, finance and everyday web tools, drawing on years of experience helping beginners and small businesses get the numbers right.
Development
Base64 Security Considerations: It Is Not Encryption
Base64 is encoding, not encryption. Learn the security implications for Basic Auth, JWTs and untrusted input — and how to use Base64 safely.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 10 min read
Development
Base64 Use Cases: Where It Is Used in Practice
The real-world use cases for Base64 — data URIs, email attachments, JWTs, HTTP Basic Auth and binary in JSON — with examples and when to avoid it.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 10 min read
Development
How Base64 Encoding Works (Step by Step)
A step-by-step look at how Base64 encoding works — 3 bytes to 4 characters, the 6-bit groups, padding and decoding, with worked examples.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 10 min read
Development
What Is Base64? A Developer’s Guide to Encoding
Base64 explained for developers — what it is, the 64-character alphabet, encoding in JavaScript and Python, common mistakes and best practices.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
JWT Security Best Practices (Avoid the Common Attacks)
JWT security best practices — pin the algorithm, validate claims, short lifetimes and revocation, safe storage, and never put secrets in the payload.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
Common JWT Claims (iss, sub, aud, exp & More)
Every common JWT claim explained — the registered claims iss, sub, aud, exp, nbf, iat and jti, plus custom claims and how to validate them.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
JWT Authentication Explained (Flow, Code & Patterns)
How JWT authentication works end to end — the login-to-access flow, Bearer tokens, access vs refresh tokens, and code with common pitfalls.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
What Is a JWT? JSON Web Tokens Explained for Developers
JWTs explained — the header, payload and signature, why a JWT is signed not encrypted, code examples, common mistakes and best practices.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read