Development
What Is URL Encoding? Percent-Encoding Explained
URL encoding explained — percent-encoding, reserved vs unreserved characters, %20 vs +, UTF-8 handling, code examples and common mistakes.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
Developer tutorials: JSON, JWT, Base64 and more.
Development
URL Encoding vs HTML Encoding: The Difference
URL encoding vs HTML encoding — two encodings for two contexts. When to use each, why confusing them causes XSS, and when you need both.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
Common URL Encoding Examples (Quick Reference)
A practical reference of common URL encodings — space, &, ?, /, #, +, %, Unicode and emoji — with what each becomes and real-world examples.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 10 min read
Development
How to Encode Special Characters in URLs
How to encode special characters in URLs reliably — encode components not whole URLs, handle query values, path segments, slashes, spaces and Unicode.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
URL Encoding for API Development (Params, Bodies & Signatures)
URL encoding for APIs — query and path parameters, array params, form-urlencoded bodies, signed requests and treating decoded input as untrusted.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
Unix Timestamp Explained (Epoch, Seconds & 2038)
Unix timestamps explained — seconds since the 1970 epoch, seconds vs milliseconds, the Year 2038 problem, negative timestamps and code examples.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
Unix Time vs UTC: What Is the Difference?
Unix time vs UTC explained — why they are different kinds of thing, how they relate, the leap-second nuance and how time zones fit in.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
How to Convert Timestamps (JS, Python, SQL & More)
A practical guide to converting timestamps in both directions — in JavaScript, Python, SQL, the command line and spreadsheets, with the unit and time-zone gotchas.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
Epoch Time Guide: Epochs, Units & Precision
A complete epoch time guide — what an epoch is, the Unix epoch and the others (NTP, GPS, Windows, Apple), precision from seconds to nanoseconds and how to convert.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read