Development
How to Encode Special Characters in URLs
How to encode special characters in URLs reliably — encode components not whole URLs, handle query values, path segments, slashes, spaces and Unicode.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
#Development
Everything tagged Development.
Development
URL Encoding for API Development (Params, Bodies & Signatures)
URL encoding for APIs — query and path parameters, array params, form-urlencoded bodies, signed requests and treating decoded input as untrusted.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
Unix Timestamp Explained (Epoch, Seconds & 2038)
Unix timestamps explained — seconds since the 1970 epoch, seconds vs milliseconds, the Year 2038 problem, negative timestamps and code examples.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
Unix Time vs UTC: What Is the Difference?
Unix time vs UTC explained — why they are different kinds of thing, how they relate, the leap-second nuance and how time zones fit in.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
How to Convert Timestamps (JS, Python, SQL & More)
A practical guide to converting timestamps in both directions — in JavaScript, Python, SQL, the command line and spreadsheets, with the unit and time-zone gotchas.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
Epoch Time Guide: Epochs, Units & Precision
A complete epoch time guide — what an epoch is, the Unix epoch and the others (NTP, GPS, Windows, Apple), precision from seconds to nanoseconds and how to convert.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
Timestamp Debugging Guide: Fix Common Date Bugs
A symptom-driven guide to debugging timestamps — seconds/ms mix-ups, time-zone and DST errors, the 1970 and 1901 dates, and a systematic method to fix them.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 11 min read
Development
What Is a JWT? JSON Web Tokens Explained for Developers
JWTs explained — the header, payload and signature, why a JWT is signed not encrypted, code examples, common mistakes and best practices.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read
Development
JWT Authentication Explained (Flow, Code & Patterns)
How JWT authentication works end to end — the login-to-access flow, Bearer tokens, access vs refresh tokens, and code with common pitfalls.
AZ Utils Editorial · · 12 min read